Acknowledgments

xiii

Abbreviations

xv

Introduction and Main Findings

1

(a) Opening Remarks: When Two Wrongs Make a Right

1

(b) A Prelude to the Law of Countermeasures

2

(c) Use of Countermeasures in Defense of Environmental Interests of States

5

(d) Organization of This Book and Its Main Findings

6

(e) Final Remarks

10

Part I: Countermeasures, Sovereignty, and the International Legal System

13

Chapter 1: Introduction and Organization

15

Chapter 2: Sovereignty and the Incompleteness of International Law

21

(a) Introduction and Purpose

21

(b) Sovereignty

22

(c) The Incompleteness of International Law and Nonjusticiable Disputes

32

(d) Conclusions

42

Chapter 3: Unilateral Acts of States or International Organizations Not Addressed in This Book

51

(a) Introductory Note

51

(b) Suspension of International Development Projects

52