Abrams, Jacob, 32

Abrams v. United States, 2, 28, 32, 33, 35, 40, 96, 195

Ackerman, G. A., 98, 195

ACLU v. Gonzales, 84, 195

ACLU v. Johnson, 195

ACLU v. Reno, 7, 103, 195

Active Hate Websites, 20–22

actual malice requirement, 89, 90

ad hoc balancing method, 17

Advocates for Life Ministries (ALM), 68, 69

Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, 96

Alien Registration Act of 1940 (see also Smith Act), 33

Alkhabaz, Abraham Jacob (see also Jake Baker), 64

American Booksellers Foundation v. Dean, 195

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 7, 73, 79, 84

American Coalition of Life Activists (ACLA), 67–69

American Coalition of Life Activists v. Planned Parenthood of the Columbia/Williamette, 71, 195

American White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (AWKKKK), 25, 108–112, 114, 135, 137–142, 150, 151, 156–159, 171, 172, 175, 176, 181, 195

Andrews, J. R., 195

antiabortionism, xx, 66–71, 98, 179

Anti-Defamation League (ADL), 142, 146, 150

Apple, A. L., 8, 22, 27, 195

Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002, Ashcroft I), 78–82, 84, 195

Ashcroft v. ACLU (2004, Ashcroft II), 82–84, 195

audio-based content, 13, 15, 18, 27, 119, 154, 158, 159, 162, 163, 166, 168, 170–172, 175, 176, 193, 194

bad tendency test, xvii, 35–40, 54, 60, 61, 101, 102, 105, 177, 180–185, 191

Baer, Elizabeth, 30

Baker, Jake, 64–66

Barnett, B. A., 195

Baroudi, C., 199

Barron, J. A., 31, 34, 36, 37, 39, 48–52, 54, 89, 90, 93, 195

Baumhammers, Richard, 97–99

Beauharnais, Joseph, 50, 51

Beauharnais v. Illinois, 50–52, 54, 88–94, 195

Benson, T. W., 195

Berg, Nick, 166

Berman, J., 195

bias-motivated crimes (see also hate crimes), 6, 48

Bill of Rights, 1

Birth of a Nation, The,, 159

Black, Barry, 56, 57

Black, Don, 8

Black Panther Party, 123, 169