Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Background
The Evolution of U.S.-Based Hate Sites
The 1990s: Internet Speech and Hate Speech at Issue
Internet Speech: Communication Research and Legal Research Intersect
Internet Hate Speech: Communication Research and Legal Research Diverge
Literature Review
Summary of Literature Review
Chapter Three: Research Questions and Methodology
Research Questions
Methodology
Legal Analysis
Research Artifacts and Procedures
Content Analysis
Definitions
Population of Hate Sites
Sampling Procedure
Research Artifacts
Significance
Chapter Four: Standards for Regulating Hateful Speech in Non-Internet Settings
Supreme Court First Amendment Tests
"Clear and Present Danger" Test
"Bad Tendency" Test
"Fighting Words" Test
"Group Defamation" Test
"Imminent Lawless Action" Test
"True Threats" Test
Summary
Chapter Five: Standards for Regulating Content Posted on the Internet
Federal Court-Adopted Tests for Internet Content
"True Threats" Tests Prior to Virginia v. Black
The "Miller Test"
Summary
Chapter Six: Applicability of Standards for Regulating Hateful Speech in Non-Internet
Settings to Hate Speech Posted Online
First Amendment Tests for Hateful Speech That Are Inapplicable to Hate Sites
"Fighting Words" Test
"Group Defamation" Test
"Imminent Lawless Action" Test
First Amendment Tests for Hateful Speech That Are Applicable to Hate Sites
"Clear and Present Danger" Test
"Bad Tendency" Test
"True Threats" Test
Summary
Chapter Seven: Themes That Appear on Internet Hate Sites
Ku Klux Klan
American White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (AWKKKK)
Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (MWKKKK)
Neo-Nazi
National Socialist Movement (NSM)
Racist Skinhead
Tualatin Valley Skins (TVS)
Christian Identity
Orange County Assembly of Christ (OCAC)
Black Separatist
Nation of Islam (NOI)
New Black Panther Party (NBPP)
Neo-Confederate
League of the South (LOS)
Other Hate Groups
Council of Conservative Citizens (CCC)
Jewish Defense League (JDL)
Summary
Chapter Eight: Targets of Hatred on Internet Hate Sites
Ku Klux Klan
American White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (AWKKKK)
Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (MWKKKK)
Neo-Nazi
National Socialist Movement (NSM)
Racist Skinhead
Tualatin Valley Skins (TVS)
Christian Identity
Orange County Assembly of Christ (OCAC)
Black Separatist
Nation of Islam (NOI)
New Black Panther Party (NBPP)
Neo-Confederate
League of the South (LOS)
Other Hate Groups
Council of Conservative Citizens (CCC)
Jewish Defense League (JDL)
Summary
Chapter Nine: Nontextual Content Posted on Internet Hate Sites
Ku Klux Klan Nontextual Internet Content
American White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (AWKKKK)
Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (MWKKKK)
Neo-Nazi
National Socialist Movement (NSM)
Racist Skinhead
Tualatin Valley Skins (TVS)
Christian Identity
Orange County Assembly of Christ (OCAC)
Black Separatist
Nation of Islam (NOI)
New Black Panther Party (NBPP)
Neo-Confederate
League of the South (LOS)
Other Hate Groups
Council of Conservative Citizens (CCC)
Jewish Defense League (JDL)
Summary
Chapter Ten: Findings
The "Miller Test" for Obscenity
The Black Court's "True Threats" Test
"Clear and Present Danger" and "Bad Tendency" Tests
Summary
Chapter Eleven: Summary and Conclusions
References
Index
