“This book will certainly be as useful as its predecessor … offer[s] keen insights into Canadian-American affairs, taking into account various major events such as the legacy of the 11 September attacks, the world financial crisis, ballooning US debt, and President Barack Obama’s handling of America foreign policy … on the whole, the essays are sensible, perceptive and make a fitting tribute to Doran and to Forgotten Partnership.” - British Journal of Canadian Studies

“Forgotten Partnership Redux is a tremendous achievement of both dedicated organization and impressive scholarship. The collection brings together a superb mix of experts with respect to Canada-U.S. nexus and the wider North American dynamic. Using the iconic 1984 book by Charles Doran as a catalyst for re-examining both convergences and divergences, the contributors tease out the complex set of mental maps and motivations, contextual conditions, and issue-specific trajectories underpinning the ebbs and flows of this often underappreciated but vital set of relations. While grounding the volume in a number of big historically informed themes relating to questions of cultural and psychological identity, material interests and strategic geo-politics, the editors extend the analysis through an appreciation of the breaks––due to both generalized world-wide structural forces and unique country-specific factors––that mark the pattern and challenges with respect to the Forgotten Partnership in the 21st century.” – Andrew F. Cooper, Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Waterloo, and Distinguished Fellow, The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)

“Revisiting the notion of partnership among Canada, the United States, and Mexico is rewarding and timely. In an age of towering environmental, energy, and security problems, partnership among governments is an essential path to solution. This volume’s outstanding scholars lead the way.” —Charles F. Doran, Johns Hopkins University, and author of Forgotten Partnership

“Twenty-five years after Charles Doran’s Forgotten Partnership analyzed the enigmatic relationship between Canada and the United States, Forgotten Partnership Redux revisits this relationship, examining how it has been impacted by domestic differences, two free trade agreements (CUSTA and NAFTA), two major wars (Iraq and Afghanistan), and the advent of globalization. This is an in-depth volume that promises to become the go-to reference for understanding the numerous dimensions and complexities of the current Canada-U.S. relationship.” — Tamara Woroby, Johns Hopkins University, and President of the ASCUS Executive Council

Greg Anderson is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Alberta. He is also a Fellow and research director of the Alberta Institute for American Studies at the University of Alberta.

About Christopher Sands

Christopher Sands is a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute and a professorial lecturer at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, D.C.

About the contributors

Louis Balthazar is professor emeritus at Laval University in Quebec City and holds a PhD in political science from Harvard University. He is also copresident of the Center for United States studies of the Raoul-Dandurand Chair on strategic and diplomatic studies, University of Quebec in Montreal. Among his recent contributions are Le Québec dans l’espace américain (with Alfred O. Hero Jr.), Montreal, Quebec-Amerique, 1999 and (with Charles-Philippe David and Justin Vaïsse) La politique étrangère des États-Unis: fondements, acteurs, formulation, Paris, Les Presses de Science Po, 2008.

Louis Bélanger is a professor of international relations in the Department of Political Science at Université Laval, Quebec City. He is the author of numerous publications on regional integration, free trade agreements, Canadian foreign policy, and the politics of secession. Professor Bélanger held visiting positions at Duke University, Sciences Po-Paris, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, and Sciences Po-Grenoble. He also served as a member of the Advisory Council on National Security and as a member of the Military Police Complaints Commission of Canada.

Robert Bothwell was educated at the University of Toronto and Harvard and holds the Gluskin chair in Canadian history at the University of Toronto. He is author of several books on Canadian nuclear policy (Eldorado and Nucleus), several others on Canadian foreign policy (most recently, Alliance and Illusion) and biographies of Loring Christie, C.D. Howe, Louis St. Laurent, and Lester Pearson. He has also written The Penguin History of Canada.

Brian Bow is an associate professor of political science at Dalhousie University. He holds a PhD from Cornell University and has been a visiting fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center, American University, Georgetown University, and Carleton University. Dr. Bow’s previous publications include The Politics of Linkage: Power, Interdependence and Ideas in Canada–US Relations (awarded the Donner Prize for 2009–2010), An Independent Foreign Policy for Canada? Challenges and Choices for the Future (coedited with Patrick Lennox), and more than a dozen articles and chapters on various aspects of Canadian foreign policy and Canada–US relations. He is currently working on new book on the rise and decline of North American integration, an edited volume on Mexico’s ongoing security crisis, and a variety of articles and chapters on North American regional politics.

Nicolas Choquette-Levy obtained his MSc from the University of Calgary in chemical engineering, with an energy and environmental systems specialization. His thesis explored the greenhouse gas, economic, and public policy implications of upgrading Alberta’s oil sands bitumen. Nicolas holds a BA in International Relations and a BSc in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Southern California. His previous work includes “Part of the Global Pie: How Nationalist Parties are Making Use of Globalization”, published in Global Politics, and “Schizophrenia Canada: Canada’s Shifting International Branding Strategy”, presented at the 2009 Biennial ACSUS Conference.

Charles F. Doran is the Andrew W. Mellon Professor of International Relations at Johns Hopkins University, where he is also the director of the Center for Canadian Studies and the director of the Global Theory and History Program. In addition to his landmark book Forgotten Partnership, his other publications include Democratic Pluralism at Risk: Why Canadian Unity Matters, and Why Americans Care; The NAFTA Puzzle; Systems in Crisis: New Imperatives of High Politics at Century’s End; and more than 100 refereed articles.

Earl Fry is professor of political science and endowed professor of Canadian Studies at Brigham Young University. He holds the Fulbright Bicentennial Chair in American Studies at the University of Helsinki. He is former president of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States and former Special Assistant in the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. His most recent book is Lament for America: Decline of the Superpower, Plan for Renewal (University of Toronto Press, 2010). He holds a PhD from UCLA and a BA from Brigham Young University.

David G. Haglund is a professor of political studies at Queen’s University (Kingston, Ontario, Canada). His research focuses on transatlantic security, and on Canadian and American international security policy. He coedits the International Journal. Among his books are Latin America and the Transformation of U.S. Strategic Thought, 1936–1940 (1984), and Over Here and Over There: Canada-US Defence Cooperation in an Era of Interoperability (2001). His current research project is on ethnic diasporas in North America and their impact upon security relations between the United States and Canada.

Geoffrey Hale is an associate professor of political science at the University of Lethbridge. He holds a PhD from the University of Western Ontario. Dr. Hale is coeditor of Borders and Bridges: Canada’s Policies in North America, author of The Politics of Taxation in Canada; Uneasy Partnership: The Politics of Business and Government in Canada; and So Near and Yet So Far: Influencing American Policies towards Canada (forthcoming 2012), and numerous articles on various aspects of Canada-U.S. relations and Canada’s political economy.

Patrick James is a professor of international relations and director of the Center for International Studies at the University of Southern California. Dr. James is the author or editor of 20 books and over 120 articles and book chapters. Among his honors and awards are the Thomas Enders Professorship in Canadian Studies at the University of Calgary, the Senior Scholar award from the Canadian Embassy, Washington, DC, and the Eccles Professor of the British Library. Dr. James served as president (2007–2009) of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States and serves as president of the International Council for Canadian Studies (2011–2013).

Joseph T. Jockel is professor and head of Canadian studies at St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY. He is the author or coauthor of several books and many articles on Canadian defense policy and Canada-U.S. relations. His most recent book is Canada In Norad, 1957–2007: A History. He holds an MA in political science from the University of Toronto and a PhD from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies.

John Kirton is an associate professor of political science, a research associate of the Centre for International Studies, and a Fellow of Trinity College at the University of Toronto. He has advised the Canadian government on G7 participation and international trade and sustainable development, and has written widely on G7/G8 summitry. John is also the director of the G8 Research Group, established at the University of Toronto in 1987. In 1992–1993, he served as a special projects offi cer in Canada’s Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, devising a strategy for Canada’s G7 participation. He served on the Foreign Policy Committee of the National Roundtable on the Environment and the Economy, an advisory body to the Prime Minister of Canada. He was a member of the Canadian Government’s International Trade Advisory Committee from 1995 to 1997. John is the principal investigator of “Strengthening Canada’s Environmental Community through International Regime Reform” (the EnviReform project). He is editor of the G8 and Global Governance Series published by Ashgate.

Malcolm Knight is vice chairman of Deutsche Bank Global Group and Visiting Professor in Finance at the London School of Economics and Political Science. After holding senior positions at the IMF he served as Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada 1999–2003, and CEO of the Bank for International Settlements, 2003–2008. Dr. Knight has PhD and MSc degrees from the London School of Economics and a BA (Hon.) from the University of Toronto, and he has published and taught widely on macroeconomics, international finance, monetary policy and financial regulation. In 2007 Malcolm Knight was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Trinity College, University of Toronto.

Pierre Martin is professor of political science at the Université de Montréal, where he holds the Chair in American Political and Economic Studies. He is a member and former director of the Université de Montréal/McGill Center for International Peace and Security Studies. He obtained his BA from Université Laval and his PhD from Northwestern University, and has held visiting appointments at Harvard University (Mackenzie King Chair and Fulbright Fellow), Washington’s Wilson Center, and Beijing Foreign Studies University. He has edited fi ve volumes, authored more than 50 specialized articles, and he is a frequent contributor to major English and French newspapers.

Kim Richard Nossal is the Sir Edward Peacock Professor of International Relations and Director of the Centre for International and Defence Policy at Queen’s University, Canada. He received his PhD from the University of Toronto. His most recent book, co-authored with Stéphane Roussel and Stéphane Paquin, is International Policy and Politics in Canada (2011).

Colin Robertson is senior strategic advisor for McKenna, Long and Aldridge LLP, and he was a former Canadian diplomat. He is vice president and Senior Research Fellow at the Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute. He is an honorary captain (navy) assigned to the Strategic Communications Directorate. He served as president of the Historica Foundation. He was editor of bout de papier: Canada’s Journal of Foreign Service and Diplomacy and president of the Professional Association of Foreign Service Officers. He is coauthor of Decision at Midnight: The Inside Story of the Canada-US FTA and coeditor of Diplomacy in the Digital Age: Essays in Honour of Ambassador Allan Gotlieb.

Joel J. Sokolsky is principal and professor of political science at the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC-C). He received his PhD in Political Science from Harvard University. His most recent works include “Canada and NATO: Keeping Ottawa in, expenses down, criticism out …and the country secure” (with J. Jockel) and “A Larger ‘Footprint’ in Ottawa: General Hillier and Canada’s Shifting Civil-Military Relationship, 2005–2008” (with P. Lagassé). Dr. Sokolsky is a Senior Fellow at the Queen’s University Centre for International and Defence Policy and a Research Affiliate at the Strategic Studies Program of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Reginald C. Stuart is a professor of history and political and Canadian studies at Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He holds a PhD from the University of Florida (Gainesville) and a BA and MA from the University of British Columbia. His previous publications include (with coeditor Michael D. Behiels) Transnationalism: Canada–United States History into the 21st Century (2010) and Dispersed Relations: Americans and Canadians in Upper North America (2007). In 2004 he was the Distinguished Chair in Canadian Studies at the Woodrow Wilson Institute for Scholars on a Canada– United States Fulbright fellowship.

Isabel Studer is founding director of the Center for Dialogue and Analysis on North America, at the Tecnológico de Monterrey. She holds a PhD in international relations from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. She was assistant director general for Canada at the Mexican Ministry for Foreign Affairs, research director at the North American Commission for Labor Cooperation, and director general for North America at the Mexican Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources. She is author of Ford and the Global Strategies of Multinationals: The North American Auto Industry (Routledge 2002) and coeditor, with Carol Wise, of Requiem or Revival: The Promise of North American Integration (Brookings 2007) and, with Neil Craik and Debora Van Nijnatten, Designing Integration: Regional Governance on Climate Change in North America (University of Toronto Press, 2012).

John Herd Thompson is a professor of history at Duke University. Dr. Thompson’s previous publications include Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies (with coauthor Stephen J. Randall) now in its fourth edition.

Debora L. VanNijnatten is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science at Wilfrid Laurier University and Program Coordinator for Laurier’s North American Studies Program. Her research focuses on cross-border regions as policy actors in North America as well as various aspects of Canadian- American-Mexican environmental policy including air quality policy, climate change policy and subnational policy innovations. She is coeditor of Canadian Environmental Policy (Oxford 2002, 2009). She has been a visiting Fulbright Chair at Duke University and visiting associate professor at the University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources. She is a founding member of the North American Network for Climate Policy Cooperation, and is overseeing (with Canadian and Mexican colleagues) a series of research papers that provide policy analysis on transboundary climate policy cooperation.

List of Figures

List of Tables

Prologue
–– Charles F. Doran, Johns Hopkins University (SAIS)

Introduction: Forgotten Partnership Redux: The Enduring Framework of Forgotten Partnership
–– Greg Anderson, University of Alberta

PART I THE POLITICAL-STRATEGIC DIMENSION OF PARTNERSHIP

Chapter 1: Serial Monogamy or Constructive Bigamy: Canada’s Partnership Foreign Policy from Pax Britannica to Pax Americana
–– Robert Bothwell, University of Toronto

Chapter 2: Structural Realism and Transaction Costs in the U.S.-Canadian Partnership
–– Nicolas Choquette-Levy and Patrick James, University of Southern California

Chapter 3:The Canadian-American Border and the “Dilemma” of Homeland Security
–– David G. Haglund, Queen’s University

Chapter 4: America’s Soft-Power Partnership with Canada in a Multipolar World
–– John Kirton, University of Toronto

Chapter 5: Partnership Lost or Partnership Gained?
–– Colin Robertson, Senior Strategic Advisor, McKenna, Long, and Aldridge LLP

Chapter 6: Special But Not Especially Important: Canada-U.S. Defense Relations through the Doran Lenses
–– Joseph T. Jockel, St. Lawrence University, and Joel J. Sokolsky, Royal Military College of Canada

PART II THE TRADE-COMMERCIAL DIMENSION OF PARTNERSHIP

Chapter 7: The “Forgotten Partnership” and the Evolving Canada-U.S. Trade, Investment, and Commercial Relationship
–– Earl Fry, Brigham Young University

Chapter 8: The Institutional Conundrum of North-American Integration: A Power-based Analysis
–– Louis Belanger, Université Laval

Chapter 9: Canada’s Banks: Too Conservative to Fail?
–– Malcolm D. Knight

Chapter 10: Nobody’s Partner: Canada and Congress
–– Geoffrey Hale, University of Lethbridge

PART III THE PSYCHO-CULTURAL DIMENSION OF PARTNERSHIP

Chapter 11: A Thousand Points of Partnership: Upper North America to 1931
–– Reginald C. Stuart, Mount Saint Vincent University

Chapter 12: Forgotten, Imaginary, Ambivalent: The “Partnership” and “Special Relationship” Para-digms in the U.S.-Canada Relationship
–– John Herd Thompson, Duke University

Chapter 13: America’s “Most Reliable Ally”? Canada and the Evanescence of the Culture of Partner-ship
––Kim Richard Nossal, Queen’s University

Chapter 14: Not so Close: Revisiting the Psychological-Cultural Dimension of U.S.-Canada Relations
––Brian Bow, Dalhousie University

Chapter 15: Québec and the Psycho-Cultural Dimension of the U.S.-Canada Partnership: Distinct Societies, Distinct Perceptions
––Pierre Martin, l’Université de Montréal

Chapter 16: A Model for a Ménage à Trois
––Louis Balthazar, l’Université Laval

PART IV NEW CHALLENGES TO PARTNERSHIP

Chapter 17: From the International Joint Commission to Copenhagen: Partnership in Environmental Management in a North American Regional Context
––Debora L. VanNijnatten, Wilfrid Laurier University

Chapter 18: Expanding the Partnership? States and Provinces in Canada-U.S. Relations 25 Years On
––Greg Anderson, University of Alberta

Chapter 19: Mexico and the Forgotten Partnership: Is it Better to Forget (or Learn to Love) Trilateralism?
––Isabel Studer, Center for Dialogue and Analysis on North America

Index