"Dr. Rhee’s globalization of history and its meaning is very important, not only for understanding the course of human history, but also for resolving the problems we face in the present and future. There may not be a solution here, but there is a staggering abundance of ideas and possibilities—some brilliant and some eccentric—discussed and evaluated in this book, which suggests that this unusual and unique study of history (not unlike Arnold Toynbee’s work) deserves a wide readership!" — F. Hilary Conroy, Emeritus Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania

Dr. Hong Beom Rhee is President of Huntington Career College. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, and completed graduate work in Civilization and Asian studies at Harvard University. He studied international relations and received an M.A. in history from the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Rhee also majored in political science at Tokyo University.

In connection with his area of research interest, millenarianism in the global context, Dr. Rhee has written many scholarly articles and given lectures on history, politics, government, and international relations at universities in the U.S. and Asia. In 2005, he received special recognition from the U.S. Congress for his activities in promoting freedom and peace.

An eminent scholar, Dr. Rhee has conceptualized his new theories in the first scientific equation on history––H=PNT. He is the creator of Unicracy or Unicracism, a political concept that aims to provide freedom from all suffering, and to establish a government of the people, by the people, for all in the universe including nature.

Foreword, Preface

Note on Chinese, Korean, and Japanese Romanization

Introduction

Previous Historiography and New Methodology

Colonial Legacy, Colonial Legacy, Present Scholarship and Cultural Differences, Chinese Metaphor, Colonial Legacy and the I-jing, Origin of Ancient East Asian Millenarian Tradition, The Chinese Emperor Burned Historical Accounts, The People’s Republic of China’s View of Ancient Korea, Ancient Founders of China and Japan Were the Koreans, Astronomical Chart, Lunar Calendar, and Millenarian Dream, The Korean-Chinese Characters, Millenarianism, and History, Millenarian Kingdom and Old Chinese Characters or Chinese Characters, Nurhachi, the Qing and the Taiping, Ancient Korean Millenarian Doctrine and Root of Asian Millenarianism, Colonial Legacy and Freedom from Dependence on Material Documentations, Oral Tradition and Millenarian Study of the Asian Millenarianism, Japanese and Korean Relations, Comprehensive or Quantum Approach

I. Millenarian Scholarship

Broad Application to Non-Christian Millennial and Political Ideology, No Consensus on Definition of Millenarianism, Link with Other Ideologies-Americanism, Nazism, Communism, and Totalitarianism, Natural Sciences, Technological and Medical Approaches to Millenarianism, Generalization about Millenarianism, Other Theories of the Millenarian Movements, The Asian Millenarian Movements, The Buddhism Related Millenarian Movement, The Chinese Millenarian Movement, The Vietnamese Millenarian Movement

II. Origin of Millenarianism – Great Prace for 100 Million Years

The Ancient Korean Millenarian State – the First Choson, The Korean and the Judeo-Christian Relationship, The Second Millenarian Kingdom – the Second Choson, The Third Millenarian Kingdom – the Third Choson, Myth in the Korean History and Scholarly View, Philosophy of the Millenarian Kingdom (Heaven Given-Stamped- Bible), Heaven, Earth, and Heavenly way in East Asia, Ancient Millenarian View with Yin, Yang, Five Haeng, and the I-jing, The I-jing Theory of Ch’onbugyong, Jesus Christ, and Christian Millenarianism, The I-jing and Medicine, Human Body, Mind and Health, Earth and Cosmic Cycle, New Geo-Physics’ View of the End of the World – the Axis, Theory of Spin of the Earth, Cosmologists’ View of the End of the World, The Ancient Korean Millenarian Doctrine and Confucianism, The Ancient Korean Millenarian Doctrine and Buddhism

III. Traditional China and Traditional Korea –Apocalyptic Phenomena

Introduction of China, The Traditional China – The Structure of Traditional Chinese Society, The Qing Government Policy toward South, Western Impact on China and Korea, The Western Impact and the Crisis of the Qing, The Traditional Korea - The Structure of Traditional Korean Society, The Yi Dynasty Government, The Western Impact and the Crisis of the Korean Nation, Conclusion

IV. The Millenarian Motivation of the Taiping and Tonghak Leaders

Hong Xiuquan’s Background and Motivations toward the God-worship Society, Suun Ch’oe Che-u’s Family Background and Motivation toward Revelation

V. The Taiping’s and Tonghak’s Philosophy of History

The Taiping – Hong Xiuquan’s View of God, Hong Xiuquan and Christianity, Hong Xiuquan’s Apocalyptic View and Heavenly Way, Hong Xiuquan’s View on Other Religions, Ideological Justification against the Qing, Hong Xiuquan’s View on Injustice, The Great Equal Society (Datung Society), Hong Xiuquan’s Nationalism, Millenarian Heavenly Kingdom by Shangdi-Hong Religion, The Tonghak’s Millenarian Philosophy and Its Political and Social Implications, Nationalism, Preserve the Country, Secure Peace for the People, Tonghak’s View on Natural Law, Yin, Yang, Ki Energy and God, Other Apocalyptic Views, Michel Nostradamus, Buddhism, Islam, Tonghak and Environment, Tonghak’s Millenarian Dream, Tonghak’s Cosmic Cycle – the 50,000-Year Period, Tonghak’s Millenarian Doctrine, Tonghak and Christianity, Tonghak and Confucianism, Tonghak, Buddhism and Taoism, The Fall and the Sin

VI. RISE OF the Taiping and the Tonghak as Dynamic Millenarian Forces

The Taiping – Hong Xiuquan’s First Step toward Revolt, God-worship Religion and God-worship Society, The Hakkas Join Feng Yunshan’s God-worship Society, Attack of the Local Shrine and the Arrest of Feng Yunshan, Holy Ghost’s Coup D’etat in Holy Ghost and New Leaders – Yang and Xiao, The Chinese Local Militias Attack the God-worshipers, The Preparation of the Jintian Uprising (Taiping Rebellion), The Jintian Uprising and Secular Desires, The Heaven-and-the Earth Society Joins the Taiping, Other Agencies Join the Taiping, Taiping’s Edict for Secular Desires, The Taiping and People’s Participation, Hong Xiuquan’s Resistance against Heavenly Paradise and Bible, Hong Xiuquan’s Heavenly Kingdom on Earth, Occupation of Wuhan and Nanjing and the Taiping toward Corruption, Yang Xiuqing’s Ambition and Hong Xiuquan’s Conspiracy to Kill Yang Xiuqing , Hong Xiuquan Calls Wei Changhui Kills Yang Xiuqing, Wei Changhui’s Conflict with Hong Xiuquan and His Death, The Death of the Taiping Kings and the Collapse of the Taiping, The Tonghak – Suun Ch’oe Che-u’s Entry into the Secular World and Missionary Work, The Prelude to the Revolt, Haewol Ch’oe Si-hyong Hides against Yi P’il’s Revolt, The Tonghak’s Petition to the Government, Reorganization of the Tonghak and Re-Petition to the Government, Chon Pong-jun Revolts against the Government without Haewol’s Permit, Emergence of the Northern Leadership, Somali Islam against West – Muhammad Abdullah Hussan

VII. Chungsando as a Tonghak

True Tonghak, Unity of Religions, Cause of Suffering and the Great Change for Millenarian Paradise, Matteo Ricci, Modern Civilization, and Suub Ch’oe Che-u, Relation with Tonghak, The Principle for Millenarian Utopia – Cosmic Cycle and the Final Days, Ki Energy, The Work of Heaven and Earth Millenarian Paradise, Government, Ways for Salvation, Divine Power, Chung-san-do and Heaven, Earth, and Human, Prediction, Establishing a New Framework for World Affairs, The Sino-American War Centering on Korea Again, The Kobe Earthquake in Japan, The Russo-Japanese War (1904-5), Japanese Control over Korea, The Ultimate Contest Ends the Established Order, Great Change, Pole Shift, and the Final Days, The Unification Church And Millenarianism, Unification Church’s View on the Orthodox Christianity, The Meaning of the Human Fall and the Root of Sin, Body and Spirit, The Purpose of God’s Creation, The Goal in God’s Dispensation of Salvation, Satan and Restoring True Love, Jesus Failed to Achieve Heavenly Kingdom, The Completed Testament Age and Millenarian Dream, The Chosen People, Moon Self Proclaims as the Messiah, Mrs. Moon’s Speech

VIII. CONCLUSION — Generalization of Millenarianism

Millenarianism and the Asian Cases-the East Asian Millenarian Movements, The Causative Factors of the Millenarian Movements, A Paradigm of Millenarianism in the Asian Tradition, Examination of the Major Theories of Millenarianism, Cohn’s Definition of Millenarianism, Examination on Deprivation Theory Desires and Millenarianism, Millenarianisms, Self Millenarianism and Selfless Millenarianism, Millenarianism and Reincarnation, A Human Being Reborn as a Pig, Non-Asians and Reincarnation, Reincarnation, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Reincarnation and Western Scholars, Selfless Millenarian Movement, Self Millenarianism – Monotheistic and Non-Monotheistic Millenarianism, Monotheistic and Spirit within Body Self Millenarianism, Monotheistic-Pantheistic Spirit within Body Self Millenarianism, Monotheistic-Pantheistic Non Spirit within Body Self Millenarianism, Atheistic Materialistic Millenarianism, Scientific Millenarianism, Linear Millenarianism and Cyclical Millenarianism, Definition of Millenarianism, Spirit with Material-Body Self Millenarianism, Non-Material and Non-Body Self or Selfless Millenarianism

Appendix

Bibliography

Index